Prograph primitives are calls to compiled methods, supplied either by the system or by the user. The user can create custom primitives, which are treated by Prograph in exactly the same way as its own primitives. appendix II, “C Code Usage,” documents how this is done using a C compiler.
t Prograph Primitives by Category *245*
AppleTalk
ATP-Close 251
ATP-Get-Request 252
ATP-Get-Response 252
ATP-Open 252
ATP-Send-Request 253
ATP-Send-Response 253
NBP-Close 254
NBP-Confirm 254
NBP-Lookup 254
NBP-Open 255
NBP-Register 255
Application
draw-style-text 256
find-item 256
find-menu 257
find-menu-a 257
find-window 258
find-window-a 258
is-double? 258
is-drag? 259
popup-menu 259
wait-double? 259
Bit
bit-and 260
bit-not 260
bit-or 260
bit-shift-l 261
bit-shift-r 261
bit-xor 261
test-all? 262
test-bit? 262
test-one? 262
Byte Stream
clear-bytes-map 263
from-bytes 264
to-bytes 264
Data
choose 265
copy 265
switch 265
shallow-copy 266
Datafile
cluster-delete 494
cluster-first 495
cluster-lock 495
cluster-next 496
cluster-read 496
cluster-read-db 496
cluster-replace 497
cluster-undelete 497
cluster-unlock 498
cluster-write 498
db-backup 499
db-close 500
db-compact 500
db-delete 501
db-flush 501
db-get-flush 501
db-info 502
db-list 502
db-new 503
db-open 504
db-rename 504
db-set-flush 505
db-shutdown 505
db-wait 505
key-close 505
key-delete 506
key-find 506
key-first 506
key-info 507
key-last 507
key-list 507
key-new 508
key-next 508
key-open 509
key-previous 509
key-read 510
key-rename 510
key-value 511
table-close 511
table-delete 512
table-export 512
table-import 513
table-info 514
table-list 514
table-new 515
table-open 515
table-rename 516
Environment
gestalt 267
gestalt-attribute 268
trap? 268
File
close 269
create 269
delete 270
file-size 270
get-file 270
get-position 271
load 271
open 272
prograph-file 272
put-file 272
read 273
read-line 273
rename 274
save 274
set-position 275
write 275
write-line 275
Graphics
drag-rect 276
find-bounds 276
grow-rect 277
ints-to-point 277
ints-to-rect 278
ints-to-rgb 278
point-to-ints 278
points-to-rect 279
rect-to-ints 279
rect-to-points 280
rgb-to-ints 280
Instances
find-instance 281
inst-to-list 281
list-to-inst 282
Interpretercontrol
compiled? 283
debug 283
halt 283
trace 283
I/O
accept 284
answer 284
answer-v 285
ask 285
display 286
print-window 286
select 286
set-dialog-font 287
show 287
Lists
(in) 288
(join) 288
(length) 288
attach-l 289
attach-r 289
detach-l 289
detach-nth 290
detach-r 290
find-sorted 290
get-nth 291
insert-nth 291
make-list 292
pack 292
reverse 292
set-nth 293
set-nth! 293
sort 293
split-nth 294
unpack 294
Logical/Relational
< 295
<= 295
= 295
> 296
>= 296
and 297
not 297
or 297
xor 298
~= 298
≠ 298
≤ 299
‚â• 299
Math
* 300
** 300
+ 301
++ 301
+1 301
- 302
- - 302
-1 302
abs 303
acos 303
annuity 303
asin 304
atan 304
atan2 304
compound 305
cos 305
div 305
exp 306
idiv 306
ln 306
log10 307
max 307
min 307
pi 308
power 308
rand 308
round 308
round-down 309
round-up 309
set-seed 310
sign 310
sign-extend 310
sin 311
sqrt 311
tan 311
trunc 311
√∑ 312
√∑√∑ 312
Memory
address-to-object 313
block-address 313
block-size 314
compact-memory 314
from-handle 314
from-pointer 314
get-integer 315
get-point 315
get-real 315
get-rect 316
get-string 316
get-text 316
lock-block 317
lock-string 317
make-direct 317
make-handle 317
make-pointer 318
new-block 318
object-to-address 319
put-integer 319
put-point 319
put-real 320
put-rect 320
put-string 320
put-text 321
string-address 321
to-handle 321
to-pointer 322
unlock-block 322
unlock-string 322
Serial Port
break-serial-port 324
close-serial-port 324
configure-sport 325
count-sport-input 325
get-sport-buffer 326
get-sport-refs 326
kill-serial-port 326
open-serial-port 327
receive-serial-port 327
send-serial-port 327
send-sport-done 328
set-sport-buffer 328
sport-configuration 329
Strings
"in" 330
"join" 330
"length" 331
byte-length 331
format 331
from-ascii 334
from-string 334
integer-to-string 335
middle 335
munge-string 335
prefix 335
string-length 336
string-to-integer 336
suffix 337
to-ascii 337
to-string 337
tokenize 338
System
ancestors 339
attr-com 339
attributes 340
called-from-get 340
called-from-meth 340
called-from-set 341
calls-to-get 341
calls-to-meth 342
calls-to-set 342
children 342
class-com 343
classes 343
descendants 343
meth-com 343
meth-com-g 344
meth-com-s 344
methods 344
pers-com 345
persistents 345
settable 345
System Class
sc-activate-wind 346
sc-aevent-begin 346
sc-aevent-dispatch 347
sc-aevent-end 347
sc-background? 348
sc-begin-drawing 348
sc-begin-update 348
sc-click-witem 349
sc-delete-item 349
sc-draw-witem 350
sc-end-drawing 350
sc-end-update 350
sc-find-witem 351
sc-get-wind 351
sc-hilite-witem 351
sc-idle-edit 352
sc-insert-item 352
sc-key-button 352
sc-key-edit 353
sc-key-list 353
sc-key-menu 354
sc-show-balloon 354
sc-tab-witem 354
sc-zoom-wind 355
Text
auto-text 356
clear-text 356
copy-text 356
cut-text 357
extract-text 357
insert-text 357
paste-text 357
print-text 358
Type
boolean? 359
external-type 359
instance? 359
integer? 360
list? 360
mac-type 360
number? 361
real? 361
string? 361
type 362
t Prograph Primitives Descriptions *248*
Certain supplied primitives perform tests or manipulate boolean input values to obtain a boolean result. Every such boolean primitive can either have one root, in which case it returns TRUE or FALSE, or no roots, in which case it succeeds or fails. If a boolean primitive is used without a root, it should have an associated control so that possible failure of the operation does not result in an execution error.
The boolean primitives are those in the category Logical/Relational, or those whose names end with a question mark (?).
Some primitives accept an input (or produce an output) of more than one type. In the descriptions of primitives below, such an input (or output) is given a set of identifiers corresponding to the set of possible types. For example, see below the primitive find-item, the second input of which is given the two identifiers ItemName and ItemIndex, corresponding to the two acceptable types string and integer. *249*
When an input or output is optional, its corresponding type is given within square brackets ( [ ] ). For example, in the Application category, see the primitive is-drag?, the output of which is optional and so is indicated in output types as [boolean].
Certain primitives have a list and one or more integers as input, where the integers are indeces into the list or the list of lists. If such a primitive receives an integer less than 1 or greater than the length of the list it accesses, an execution error occurs.
In order to support internationalization and non-Roman scripts, aliases have been created for those primitives with names made up of characters with ASCII values greater than 127. These primitives are ≤, ≥, ≠, ÷, and ÷÷. Their aliases are <=, >=, ~=, div, and idiv, respectively.
